Electrolytes for sources of electrochemical power

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18500/1608-4039-2018-18-1-26-47

The critical analysis of literature of last 15 years, concerning solid polymer electrolytes with Na⁺-ion-conductivity is presented. True polymer electrolytes as well as gel-polymer electrolytes based on polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, PVdF–HFP, PMMA, Nafion are reviewed. Special attention is paid for temperature dependence of conductivity.

УДК 544.6.018.4

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.18500/1608-4039-2016-16-4-155-195

In the review the works on the development of liquid organic electrolyte systems for lithium power sources in the past 10 years are considered. The review consists of chapters on the state-of-the-art and prospects of investigations on lithium salts, aprotic solvents, and additives to the liquid electrolyte, performing a variety of functions to improve the performance of the lithium power source. Bibliography – 168 references.

DOI: 10.18500/1608-4039-2015-15-4-180-195

The method of forming systems for search molten electrolyte chemical power sources, an example of studying some of the properties and composition of the electrolyte. Presents some test trains in real chemical current sources.

DOI: 10.18500/1608-4039-2015-15-4-149-159

Concerning performance, safety, reliability and durability issues, the membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) is probably the weakest cell component. Most performance losses and most accidents occurring during PEM water electrolysis are usually due to the MEA. The purpose of this article is to report on specific degradation mechanisms of the MEA and electrolyser in whole.

The effect of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIBF4) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIBF4) ionic liquids on the properties of the polymer electrolyte based on polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEG-DA) and LiBF4 salt was studied. Research was carried out by spray-mass spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique in the temperature range from -40 to 120 °C.

New potassium-conducting solid electrolytes in the mixed alumoferrite system K_0.90Ba_0.05Al_1-хFe_хO were synthesized and studied. The effect of increasing conductivity with simultaneous presence of aluminium and ferrum cations has been established. The maximum conductivity in the system reaches very high values: – 6·10^-2 S·cm^-1 at 400°C, 2·10^-1 S·cm^-1 at 700°C. Possible nature of obtained results is discussed.

Melts based on lithium salts are applied in various branches of engineering and scientific research [1]. It requires improved methods to search lor low-melting compounds and data on phase equilibrium in systems ot"three or more components. We have proposed a settlement- graphic way to select the salt compositions by two properties (temperature and specific enthalpy of melting) in the case studies the five-component system Li // F, Br, VO₃, MoO₄, SO₄.

Theoretical research of conductivity of polymeric insulators in the normal state and at emergency is carried out. Analytical description of temperature and electric effects on the normal conductivity of a polymer and on its electric longevity is given.

The electrolytes based propylene carbonate (PC) on the background of lithium tetrafluoroborate for lithium-fluorocarbon (Li/CF_x) power sources for implantable pacemakers are studied. Electrolytes with a salt content of 0.7-0.9 mol/l have a conductivity of (4.44–4.46)∙10₃ S/cm at 37°C, which is provides a full work of pacemaker at low rates of discharge. Conducted accelerated tests on the keeping also confirmed the stability of this electrochemical system. And the proposed electrolyte can be recommended to replace the traditional butyrolactone in Li/CF_x primary power source for pacemakers.